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Irregular bones (hip bones), fused flat/irregular (sacrum, coccyx) boneBetween trunk and lower limbs

Pelvis

The pelvis is a basin-shaped structure formed by the two hip bones (os coxae), sacrum, and coccyx. It supports the weight of the upper body, protects pelvic organs, and provides attachment for lower limb and trunk muscles.

Key Features

1
Ilium - superior portion with iliac crest
2
Ischium - posteroinferior portion with ischial tuberosity
3
Pubis - anterior portion with pubic symphysis
4
Acetabulum - lateral socket for femoral head
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Obturator foramen - large opening inferior to acetabulum
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Greater sciatic notch - posterior, below posterior inferior iliac spine
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Lesser sciatic notch - between ischial spine and tuberosity
8
Iliac crest - superior border of ilium
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ASIS and AIIS - anterior iliac spines
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PSIS and PIIS - posterior iliac spines

Articulations

  • Hip joint (acetabulum with femoral head) - ball and socket
  • Sacroiliac joint (ilium with sacrum) - synovial/fibrous
  • Pubic symphysis (pubic bones) - secondary cartilaginous

Muscle Attachments

Iliac crest: abdominal muscles, gluteus maximus, tensor fasciae lataeIliac fossa: iliacusASIS: sartorius, tensor fasciae lataeIschial tuberosity: hamstrings, adductor magnusPubic symphysis: rectus abdominisPubic rami: adductors, obturator muscles

Clinical Relevance

Pelvic fractures can be life-threatening due to blood loss. The pelvis differs between males and females (female wider for childbirth). Sacroiliac joint dysfunction causes low back pain. Hip joint pathology affects the acetabulum.

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Pelvis FAQs

Common questions about this bone

The pelvis consists of two hip bones (os coxae), the sacrum, and the coccyx. Each hip bone is formed by the fusion of three bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis, which meet at the acetabulum.

The female pelvis is generally wider and shallower with a larger pelvic outlet for childbirth. The male pelvis is narrower and deeper with a heart-shaped inlet. The subpubic angle is wider in females (>80°).

The ischial tuberosity is the thick, rough projection of the ischium that you sit on. It provides attachment for the hamstring muscles and adductor magnus. It's commonly called the 'sit bone.'

The greater sciatic foramen transmits the piriformis muscle, sciatic nerve, superior and inferior gluteal vessels and nerves, pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, and nerve to obturator internus.

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